Critical materials and structures are constantly subjected to fatigue and degradation, and monitoring and maintaining civil, space, and aerospace infrastructure is an ongoing critical issue. As new materials, such as complex multilayer composites, come into wider use, the need to monitor their performance and overall health is also rapidly growing. Consequently, new and innovative nondestructive testing (NDT) methods are needed in order to address this growing issue. Chipless RFID, is a wireless passive sensor technology that has the potential to address this need, but it also comes with its own challenges. This presentation will discuss recent chipless RFID sensing developments for embedded materials characterization, delamination sensing, and pressure sensing applications, and will also provide a discussion of some of the limitations of this technology.